Here he died in his nineteenth year, November 6, 1612. Upon his death, St.
James's was given to his brother Charles, who frequently resided here
after his accession to the throne, and here Henrietta Maria gave birth to
Charles II., James II., and the Princess Elizabeth. In 1638 the palace was
given as a refuge to the queen's mother, Marie de Medici, who lived here
for three years, with a pension of £3,000 a month! Hither Charles I. was
brought from Windsor as the prisoner of the Parliament, his usual
attendants, with one exception, being debarred access to him, and being
replaced by common soldiers, who sat smoking and drinking even in the
royal bedchamber, never allowing him a moment's privacy, and hence he was
taken in a sedan chair to his trial at Whitehall.

On the following day the king was led away from St. James's to the
scaffold. His faithful friends, Henry Rich, Earl of Holland, the Duke of
Hamilton, and Lord Capel were afterward imprisoned in the palace and
suffered like their master.

Charles II., who was born at St. James's (May 29, 1630), resided at
Whitehall, giving up the palace to his brother, the Duke of York (also
born here, October 25, 1633), but reserving apartments for his mistress,
the Duchess of Mazarin, who at one time resided there with a pension of
£4,000 a year. Here Mary II. was born, April 30, 1662; and here she was
married to William of Orange, at eleven at night, November 4, 1677. Here
for many years the Duke and Duchess of York secluded themselves with their
children, in mourning and sorrow, on the anniversary of his father's
murder. Here also Anne Hyde, Duchess of York, died, March 31, 1671,
asking, "What is truth?" of Blandford, Bishop of Worcester, who came to
visit her.

In St. James's Palace also, James's second wife, Mary of Modena, gave