private ownership, industry will diversify, they will begin to spread out
over the island, and public improvements will be needed, such as those
specified above. The conflict of interests will soon necessitate tribunals
for the settlement of disputes. And thus government would, in either case,
inevitably be established. A visit from savages inhabiting another island
would show the utility of the organization for common defense.

Thus government seems a necessary consequence of man's nature.

In this country we have the general government and state governments, the
latter acting chiefly through local organizations. For obvious reasons,
the common defense is vested in the general government. For reasons that
will appear, most of the work of public improvement and establishing
justice is entrusted to the state and local governments.

These we shall now proceed to study, beginning at home.


QUERIES.--Would government be necessary if man were morally perfect? Why
is this organization of society called _government?_




PART I.

GOVERNMENT WITHIN THE STATE.