with the circular spots at their intersections, had such an appearance
of artificiality that the idea that they were really 'canals' made by
intelligent beings for purposes of irrigation, was first hinted at, and
then adopted as the only intelligible explanation, by Mr. Lowell and a
few other persons. This at once seized upon the public imagination and
was spread by the newspapers and magazines over the whole civilised
world.

_Existence of Seas doubted._

At this time (1894) it began to be doubted whether there were any seas
at all on Mars. Professor Pickering thought they were far more limited
in size than had been supposed, and even might not exist as true seas.
Professor Barnard, with the Lick thirty-six inch telescope, discerned an
astonishing wealth of detail on the surface of Mars, so intricate,
minute, and abundant, that it baffled all attempts to delineate it; and
these peculiarities were seen upon the supposed seas as well as on the
land-surfaces. In fact, under the best conditions these 'seas' lost all
trace of uniformity, their appearance being that of a mountainous
country, broken by ridges, rifts, and canyons, seen from a great
elevation. As we shall see later on these doubts soon became
certainties, and it is now almost universally admitted that Mars
possesses no permanent bodies of water.



CHAPTER II.


MR. PERCIVAL LOWELL'S DISCOVERIES AND THEORIES.