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Rough and Tumble Engineering by James H. Maggard
page 63 of 122 (51%)
steam to blow out of both cocks at the same time. It is one of two
things, and it is difficult to tell. Either the cylinder rings leak and
allow the steam to blow through, or else the valve is cut on the seat,
and allows the steam to blow over. Either of these two causes is bad,
as it not only weakens your engine, but is a great waste of fuel and
water. The way to determine which of the two causes this, is to take
off the cylinder head, turn engine on forward center and open throttle
slightly. If the steam is seen to blow out of the port at open end of
cylinder, then the trouble is in the valve, but if not, you will see it
blowing through from forward end of cylinder, and the trouble is in the
cylinder rings.

What is the remedy? Well, if the "rings" are the trouble, a new set
will most likely remedy it should they be of the automatic or
self-setting pattern, but should they be of the spring or adjusting
pattern, you can take out the head and set the rings out to stop this
blowing. As most all engines now are using the self-setting rings, you
will most likely require a new set.

If the trouble is in the valve or steam chest, you had best take it off
and have the valve seat planed down, and the valve seated to it. This
is the safest and best way. Never attempt to dress a valve down, you
are most certain to make a bad job of it.

And yet I don't like the idea of advising you not to do a thing that can
be done, for I do like an engineer who does not run to the shop for
every little trouble. However, unless you have the proper tools you had
best not attempt it. The only safe way is to scrape them down, for if
your valve is cut, you will find the valve seat is cut equally as bad,
and they must both be scraped to a perfect fit. Provide yourself with a
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