made smaller than H, to produce an equal and opposite effect upon J. In
practice it is convenient to make the beam, E, only one-fifth to
one-twentieth as long as A, and to correspondingly reduce the weight, H,
relatively to D. In this case, on account of the angle of rotation of
the beam, E, being greater than the angle of rotation of A, the beam, E,
becomes a multiplier of the indications of the primary beam, A.

Mr. Kent has devised a modification of Dr. Springer's system, which is
shown in Fig. 3. It is applied in those varieties of the torsion balance
in which there are two parallel beams, connected by either four or six
wires. The wire, F, carrying the secondary beam, E, and poise, H,
instead of being carried on an independent support, rigidly attached to
the base, as above described, is attached directly to a moving part of
the balance itself, and preferably to the two beams. In Fig. 3, T T T
are trusses over which are tightly stretched the wires, B B B. A A' are
two beams rigidly clamped to the wires; _t_ is another truss with
stretched wire, F F¹. The upper wire, F', is attached by means of a
flexible spring and standard, S, to the upper beam, and the lower wire
is attached either directly or through a standard to the lower beam. The
secondary poise, H, is rigidly attached to the truss, _t_. The secondary
beam, E, is also rigidly attached to the truss, and acts as a
multiplying beam. The secondary structure thus completely fills two
functions: First, that of multiplying the angle of rotation and thereby
increasing the apparent sensitiveness of the scale, and, second, that of
overcoming the effect of change of level. The secondary beam may be
dispensed with if a multiplier is not needed, and the secondary truss,
_t_, with its standard and counterpoise, H, used alone to counteract the
effect of change of level. Fig. 5 shows a modification of this extremely
ingenious arrangement.--_Engineering_.