artificial harbours, and thus engineers are practically aware of their
travelling power in direction of certain winds.

_Why are sandy-beaches formed more rapidly than shingle?_

Because the breakers have the same tendency to force sand upon the land
as in the case of shingles; but being so much lighter than the latter,
sand can be transported by coast-tides or currents whose velocity would
be insufficient to move shingles. On the other hand, however, smaller
bodies and forces of water can throw sand on the shore. The _spray_ that
could not transport a pebble can carry sand, and thus it is conveyed far
beyond situations where the reflux of a wave can be felt. This may be
witnessed on some parts of the Sussex coast, as at Worthing. In rough
weather too, the spray of the sea, with heavy rain, carries much sand,
which it deposits on the fronts of houses, as may be seen upon the
return of moderate weather: this effect may be witnessed on the splendid
terraces of the Brighton cliffs, and its destructive working on their
plaster fronts is very evident.

* * * * *


INNKEEPERS.


The inn-keeper of former times seems to have been a person of less
humble station than now--he shared his calling with the monastery and
with the village-pastor. Travellers had to choose (as they still have in
Roman Catholic countries) between the refectory of the monk, the
parsonage of the minister, and the tavern of mine host--payment for the