Il sera déjà parti. He must have (probably has) left.
Le ferez-vous? Will you (are you going to) do it?
But: Voulez-vous le faire? Will you (are you willing to, do
you want to) do it?
Étudiez-vous? Do you study; are you studying?
J'étudie. I study; I am studying.
Je voudrais partir. I would like to go.
Ils ne sauraient trouver le chemin. They couldn't possibly (wouldn't
know how to) find the way.
Il chanta la Marseillaise \
(_literary_). |_ He sang the Marseillaise.
Il a chanté la Marseillaise |
(_coloquial_) /
Il chantait. He was singing, used to sing, etc.
Votre père est-il arrivé? \_ Has your father arrived?
Est-ce que votre père est arrivé? /
Ce garçon, cet homme, cette This (or that) boy, man, woman,
femme, ces livres-ci, ces these books, those pens.
plumes-là.

A. 1. That boat yonder is going to depart. 2. This Irishman is
pulling a cable. 3. The length of this cable doubtless must[1]
have[1] exhausted his patience. 4. I'd like to leave this evening.[2]
5. The sultan's favorite threw this stone. 6. Is revenge permitted[3]
men? 7. If my enemy were[4] powerful, revenge would be imprudent.
8. If I were[4] cowardly, I would throw a stone at that camel.
9. The Irishman was hauling a cable, when he received[5] the
order to[6] start. 10. She used to know the queen formerly.[7]
11. If I succeed, I will have the honors of the day. 12. If a