New York $1 00 $1 08 $1 71 $14 92 $22 90 $8 70
Chicago 1 00 71 1 50 8 72 18 30 7 00
New Orleans 1 00 59 1 56 17 90 15 30 5 80
San Francisco 1 00 64 1 50 8 75 9 40 3 50
London 1 00 61 2 05 7 16 17 70 6 30
Port Natal 1 00 90 1 21
Sydney 1 00 34 1 39
Valparaiso 1 00 44 1 03

These figures are very much against the fluid fuels, but there may be
circumstances in which the benefits to be derived from their use will
exceed the additional cost. It is difficult to make a comparison without
considering particular cases, but for intermittent heating petroleum
would probably be more economical, though for a steady fire coal holds
its own.

* * * * *




THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL CASTINGS.


At the opening meeting for the winter session of the Iron and Steel
Works Managers' Institute, held at Dudley on September 12, Mr. R.
Smith-Casson in the chair, Mr. B.F. McCallem, of Glasgow, read a paper
on "Steel Castings," which developed an interesting discussion upon
steel casting practice. Mr. McCallem said that it was thirty years since
the first crucible steel castings were made in Sheffield in the general