however carefully executed.



ON THE EXPRESSION OF THE EMOTIONS IN MAN AND ANIMALS.

INTRODUCTION.

MANY works have been written on Expression, but a greater number
on Physiognomy,--that is, on the recognition of character through
the study of the permanent form of the features. With this
latter subject I am not here concerned. The older treatises,[1]
which I have consulted, have been of little or no service to me.
The famous `Conferences'[2] of the painter Le Brun, published in 1667,
is the best known ancient work, and contains some good remarks.
Another somewhat old essay, namely, the `Discours,' delivered
1774-1782, by the well-known Dutch anatomist Camper,[3] can hardly
be considered as having made any marked advance in the subject.
The following works, on the contrary, deserve the fullest consideration.

Sir Charles Bell, so illustrious for his discoveries in physiology,
published in 1806 the first edition, and in

[1] J. Parsons, in his paper in the Appendix to the
`Philosophical Transactions' for 1746, p. 41, gives a list
of forty-one old authors who have written on Expression.

[2] Conferences sur l'expression des differents Caracteres
des Passions.' Paris, 4to, 1667. I always quote from the
republication of the `Conferences' in the edition of Lavater,