grain
4. End view of failures in compression across the
grain
5. Testing a buggy-spoke in endwise compression
6. Unequal distribution of stress in a long column due
to lateral bending
7. Endwise compression of a short column
8. Failures of a short column of green spruce
9. Failures of short columns of dry chestnut
10. Example of shear along the grain
11. Failures of test specimens in shear along the
grain
12. Horizontal shear in a beam
13. Oblique shear in a short column
14. Failure of a short column by oblique shear
15. Diagram of a simple beam
16. Three common forms of beams--(1) simple,
(2) cantilever, (3) continuous
17. Characteristic failures of simple beams
18. Failure of a large beam by horizontal shear
19. Torsion of a shaft
20. Effect of torsion on different grades of hickory
21. Cleavage of highly elastic wood
22. Cross-sections of white ash, red gum, and eastern
hemlock
23. Cross-section of longleaf pine
24. Relation of the moisture content to the various
strength values of spruce
25. Cross-section of the wood of western larch showing
fissures in the thick-walled cells of the late