The spinning frames in Fig. 20 are arranged with the ends of the
frame parallel to the pass, whereas the end frames in Fig. 21 are at
right angles to the pass, and hence an excellent view of the chief
parts is presented. The full rove bobbins are seen distinctly on the
pegs of the creel in the upper part of the figure, and the rove
yarns from these bobbins pass downwards, as already described, until
they ultimately enter the eyes of the flyer arms to be directed to
and wound upon the spinning bobbins. The flyers--at one time termed
throstles--are clearly visible a little above the row of temper
weights. The chief parts for raising the builder--cam lever,
adjustable rod, chain and wheel--are illustrated at the end of the
frame nearest the observer.




CHAPTER XI. TWISTING AND REELING

In regard to cloth manufacture, most yarns are utilized in the form
they leave the spinning frame, that is, as single yarns. On the
other hand, for certain branches of the trade, weaving included, it
is necessary to take two, three, or more of these single yarns and to
combine them by a process technically termed twisting, and sometimes
"doubling" when two single yarns only are combined.

Although the commonest method, so far as weaving requirements go, is
to twist two single yarns together to make a compound yarn, it is
not uncommon to combine a much higher number, indeed, sixteen or
more single yarns are often united for special purposes, but, when
this number is exceeded, the operation comes under the heading of