CROZIER AND PASTORAL STAFF.

(Vol. ii., p. 248.)

A correspondent inquires what was the difference between a crozier and a
pastoral staff. The crozier (_Crocia_, Mediæval Latin), Fr. _Crosse_,
Ital. _Rocco Pastorale_, German. _Bischofstab_, is the ornamental staff
used by archbishops and legates, and derives its name from the cross
which surmounts it. A crozier behind a pall is borne on the primatial
arms of Canterbury. The use of the crozier can only be traced back to
the 12th century. _Cavendish_ mentions "two great crosses of silver,
whereof one of them was for his archbishoprick and the other for his
legatry, always before" Cardinal Wolsey. The fact did not escape Master
_Roy_, who sings thus:--

"Before him rydeth two Prestes stronge,
And they beare two Crosses right longe,
Gapinge in every man's face."

_Hall_ says that he removed from Whitehall "with one cross." In the
Eastern Church patriarchs only have a crozier; a patriarch has two
transverse bars upon his crozier, the Pope carries three.

The pastoral staff was the ensign of bishops. Honorius describes it as
in the form of a shepherd's crook, made of wood or bone, united by a
ball of gold or crystal, the lower part of the staff being pointed.

"In Evangelio Dominus Apostolis præcepit, ut in prædcatione
nihil præter virgam tollerent. Et quià Episcopi pastores gregis
Dominici sunt, ideò baculum in custodiâ præferunt: per baculum,