achieves prodigies through her aid. In _Kuapakaa_ the boy manages the
winds through his grandmother's bones, which he keeps in a calabash. In
_Pamano_, the supernatural helper appears in bird shape. The Fornander
stories of _Kamapua'a_, the pig god, and of _Pikoiakaalala_, who belongs
to the rat family, illustrate the _kupua_ in animal shape. Malo, pp.
113-115. Compare Mariner, II, 87, 100; Ellis, I, 281.]

[Footnote 3: Bird-bodied gods of low grade in the theogony of the
heavens act as messengers for the higher gods. In Stair (p. 214) Tuli,
the plover, is the bird messenger of Tagaloa. The commonest messenger
birds named in Hawaiian stories are the plover, wandering tattler, and
turnstone, all migratory from about April to August, and hence naturally
fastened upon by the imagination as suitable messengers to lands beyond
common ken. Gill (Myths and Songs, p. 35) says that formerly the gods
spoke through small land birds, as in the story of Laieikawai's visit to
Kauakahialii.]

[Footnote 4: With the stories quoted from Fornander may be compared such
wonder tales as are to be found in Krämer, pp. 108, 116, 121, 413-419;
Fison, pp. 32, 49, 99; Grey, p. 59; Turner, Samoa, p. 209; White I, 82,
etc.]




4. THE EARTHLY PARADISE; DIVINITY IN MAN AND NATURE


For according to the old myth, Sky and Earth were nearer of access in
the days when the first gods brought forth their children--the winds,