convinced that she can no longer be like other women; the augmentation of
desire and pleasure has been supposed to be due to the removal of the
dread of impregnation. We have, of course, to take into account individual
peculiarities, method of life, and the state of the health.

In France Jayle ("Effets physiologiques de la Castration chez la
Femme," _Revue de Gynécologie_, 1897, pp. 403-57) found that,
among 33 patients in whom ovariotomy had been performed, in 18
sexual desire remained the same, in 3 it was diminished, in 8
abolished, in 3 increased; while pleasure in coitus remained the
same in 17, was diminished in 1, abolished in 4, and increased in
5, in 6 cases sexual intercourse was very painful. In two other
groups of cases--one in which both ovaries and uterus were
removed and another in which the uterus alone was removed--the
results were not notably different.

In Germany Gläveke (_Archiv für Gynäkologie_, Bd. xxxv, 1889)
found that desire remained in 6 cases, was diminished in 10, and
disappeared in 11, while pleasure in intercourse remained in 8,
was diminished in 10, and was lost in 8. Pfister, again (_Archiv
für Gynäkologie_, Bd. lvi, 1898), examined this point in 99
castrated women; he remarks that sexual desire and sexual
pleasure in intercourse were usually associated, and found the
former unchanged in 19 cases, decreased in 24, lost in 35, never
present in 21, while the latter was unchanged in 18 cases and
diminished or lost in 60. Keppler (International Medical
Congress, Berlin, 1890) found that among 46 castrated women
sexual feeling was in no case abolished. Adler also, who
discusses this question (_Die Mangelhafte Geschlechtsempfindung
des Weibes_, 1904, p. 75 et seq.), criticises Gläveke's