mothers and girls on these lines are now being established, first
in London, under the auspices of Dr. F.J. Sykes, Medical Officer
of Health for St. Pancreas (see, e.g., _A School For Mothers_,
1908, describing an establishment of this kind at Somers Town,
with a preface by Sir Thomas Barlow; an account of recent
attempts to improve the care of infants in London will also be
found in the _Lancet_, Sept. 26, 1908). It may be added that some
English municipalities have established depôts for supplying
mothers cheaply with good milk. Such depôts are, however, likely
to be more mischievous than beneficial if they promote the
substitution of hand-feeding for suckling. They should never be
established except in connection with Schools for Mothers, where
an educational influence may be exerted, and no mother should be
supplied with milk unless she presents a medical certificate
showing that she is unable to nourish her child (Byers, "Medical
Women and Public Health Questions," _British Medical Journal_,
Oct. 6, 1906). It is noteworthy that in England the local
authorities will shortly be empowered by law to establish Schools
for Mothers.

The great benefits produced by these institutions in France, both
in diminishing the infant mortality and in promoting the
education of mothers and their pride and interest in their
children, have been set forth in two Paris theses by G. Chaignon
(_Organisation des Consultations de Nourrissons à la Campagne_,
1908), and Alcide Alexandre (_Consultation de Nourrissons et
Goutte de Lait d'Arques_, 1908).

The movement is now spreading throughout Europe, and an
International Union has been formed, including all the