Elevation and rainfall govern quantity of shade that should be
kept. The thinning, and lopping lower boughs of shade trees.

Much knowledge and experience required in judicious thinning.

More shade will be required as trees become lofty.

Importance of at once planting up spots where shade is deficient,
in order to keep out the Borer insect.

Planting out young shade trees. The removal of parasites from
shade trees.

Preparation of shade tree cuttings before planting out. How to
grow young charcoal-tree plants. Valuable as nurses.


CHAPTER XII.--MANURE.

How shade complicates the economical and effective manuring of
coffee.

Bulk manures as a rule should not be applied to land directly
under shade trees, but to more open spaces.

Less manure should be applied to coffee directly under shade
trees.

Manure should be varied on different aspects. The quantity that