its liquid state, or in the shape of curds, butter, or cheese.

_Chairing Members of Parliament._--This custom was taken from the
practice in the northern nations, of elevating the king after his
election, upon the shoulders of the senators. The Anglo-Saxons carried
their king upon a shield when crowned. The Danes set him upon a high
stone, placed in the middle of twelve smaller. Bishops were chaired upon
elections, as were abbots and others.

_Illumination_ was formerly common not only upon occasions of joy,
but even the return home of the master of the house. Some writers have
contended, but evidently by mistake, that it was only a part of
religious ceremonies. It is even mentioned in Ossian's Carthon, and
obtained in the middle ages. The classical illuminations were made not
only with lamps, but links, and wax flambeaux.

_Lord Mayor._--The first Lord Mayor who went by water to
Westminster, was John Norman, in 1453. Sir John Shaw, according to
Lambard, was the first who rode on horseback, in 1501; but Grafton says,
correctly, that they rode before. Sir Gilbert Heathcote was the last, in
Queen Anne's time. Before building the Mansion-House, the first stone of
which was laid Oct. 25, 1739, the Lord Mayor resided in the hall of some
Company, hired for the term of the mayoralty.

* * * * *

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