engaged in cultivating science--fame. This, it will be said, is an
unsubstantial return; yet Byron deemed it quite sufficient when he first
saw an American edition of his works, coming, as it seemed to him, "from
posterity." Miss Bremer found no small reward for her labors in knowing
the high regard in which she was held; and it was no small payment when,
even in the wilds of the West, she met with numerous persons who would
gladly have her travel free of charge, because of the delight she had
afforded them. Miss Carlen tells her readers that "of one triumph" she was
proud. "It was," she says, "when I held in my hand, for the first time,
one of my works, translated and published in America. My eyes filled with
tears. The bright dreams of youth again passed before me. Ye Americans had
planted the seed, and ye also approved of the fruit!" This is the feeling
of a writer that cultivates literature with some object in view other than
mere profit. It differs entirely from that of English authors, because in
England, more than in any other country, book-making is a trade, carried
on exclusively with a view to profit; and hence it is that the character
of English books so much declines.

But is it really true that foreign authors derive no pecuniary advantage
from the republication of their books in this country? It is not. Mr.
Macaulay has admitted that much of his reputation, and of the sale of his
books at home, had been a consequence of his reputation here, where his
Essays were first reprinted. At the moment of writing this, I have met
with a notice of his speeches, first collected here, from which the
following is an extract:--

"We owe much to America. Not content with charming us with the works of
her native genius, she teaches us also to appreciate our own. She steps
in between the timidity of a British author, and the fastidiousness of
the British public, and by using her' good offices' brings both parties