The monoplane, which is much nearer the bird
type, has also sounded wing ends, made not so
much for the purpose of imitating the wing of the
bird, as for structural reasons.

HULLS OF VESSELS.--If some marine architect
should come forward and assert that he intended
to follow nature by making a boat with a hull of
the shape or outline of a duck, or other swimming
fowl, he would be laughed at, and justly so, because
the lines of vessels which are most efficient
are not made like those of a duck or other swimming
creatures.

MAN DOES NOT COPY NATURE.--Look about you,
and see how many mechanical devices follow the
forms laid down by nature, or in what respect
man uses the types which nature provides in devising
the many inventions which ingenuity has
brought forth.

PRINCIPLES ESSENTIAL, NOT FORMS.--It is essential
that man shall follow nature's laws. He cannot
evade the principles on which the operations
of mechanism depend; but in doing so he has, in
nearly every instance, departed from the form
which nature has suggested, and made the machine
irrespective of nature's type.

Let us consider some of these striking differences