Danish soil. By Old Norse I mean the old language of Norway. The
one is East Scandinavian, the other West Scandinavian. The term
Scandinavian, being rather political than linguistic, is not a good
one, but it has the advantage of being clear, and I have used it
where the better one, Northern, might lead to confusion with
Northern Scotch.




CONTENTS.

PART I. INTRODUCTION.

General Remarks §1
Place-Names and Settlements in Northwestern England §2
Scandinavian Settlements in Southern Scotland §3
Settlements in England, Norse or Danish? The Place-Name Test §4
_By_ in Place-Names. Conclusions as to this Test §5
Characteristics of Old Northern, or Old Scandinavian.
Early Dialectal Differentiations §6
Old Norse and Old Danish §7
Remarks §8
Characteristics of Old Northumbrian §9
Remarks. Metathesis of _r_ §10
The Question of Palatalization in Old Northumbrian §11
_Sk_ as a Scandinavian Sign. Certain Words in _sk_.
Palatalization in Norse §12
Conclusion as to the Test of Non-palatalization §13.
Old and Middle Scotch §14