first introduced. At that time some phenomenal records were made by
lamps grouped with other lamps.

Similarly, some plates appeared to be almost indestructible, while
others, made practically in the same manner, deteriorate within a very
short time. It is, consequently, very difficult to exactly and fairly
place a limit on the life of the positive plates as yet. Speaking
simply from observation of a large number of plates of various kinds,
I am inclined to put the limit at about eight months; though it is
claimed by some of the more prominent manufacturers--and undoubtedly
it is true in special cases--that entire elements have lasted ten
months, and even longer.

It must be remembered, however, that the jolting and handling to which
these batteries are subjected, in traction work, increases the
tendency to disintegrate, buckle and short circuit, and that the
record for durability for this application can never be the same as
for stationary work. A serious inconvenience to the use of batteries
in traction work is the necessary presence of the liquid in the jars.
This causes the whole equipment to be somewhat cumbersome, and unless
arranged with great care, and with a variety of devices lately
designed, a source of considerable annoyance.

The connections between the plates, which formerly gave so much
trouble by breaking off, have been perfected so as to prevent this
difficulty, and the shape of the jars has been designed to prevent the
spilling of the acid while the car is running. The car seats are now
practically hermetically sealed, so that the escaping gases are not
offensive to the passengers.