An example of Symmetry is given in Fig. 4; and of Balance in Fig. 5.
Each panel contains two classes of Elements:--Natural foliage (i.e.,
two branches of the Bay tree), and an Artificial object (i.e., a
Ribbon which ties them). The lower Element (i.e., the Ribbon) is
treated symmetrically in both panels: the higher Element (i.e., the
Branches) are _symmetrical_ in the former panel, and _balanced_ in the
latter. This latter treatment, will be seen to be not only the more
interesting, but the more like the infinite variety of Nature; while
the former is a wasted opportunity, and contrary to Nature.

[Illustration: FIG. 4.]

The Student will observe by experience that the mind soon tires of
Artificiality, both in Curvature and in Symmetry; the lines of Nature
have a pleasant freshness and inexhaustible variety; and the _Natural_
method of treating Nature is not only the most true, but also the most
beautiful.

[Illustration: FIG. 5.]


§ 8.--REALISM AND CONVENTIONALISM: DEFINITIONS.

REALISM--the result of _Realistic_ treatment, i.e., the attempt to
render the reproduction as like the reality as is possible, even to
the verge of deception--is the aim of the Pictorial-Artist. In
Pictures the surface appears to have been annihilated, and the
spectator beholds the scene as if there were a hole through the wall.
It is not the highest, and should not be the only aim in Art; but it