were first prescribed in the writings of the ancient fathers". See
Tracts for the times, no. 63.]

[Footnote 9: They who wish for further details may consult Le Brun,
Card. Bona, Martene, Gavant, Rock's Hierurgia etc.]

[Footnote 10: Because anciently sung from the _steps_ of the _ambo_ or
pulpit, according to Rabanus Maurus an author of the 9th century, and
others. In the ancient churches there were generally in the _chorus_
or choir two ambones, one from which at solemn masses the lector and
at a later period the subdeacon used to sing the gospel, with his face
usually turned towards that side of the church, where the _men_ were
assembled; at Rome this was generally the south side. At low masses
the missal was removed from the epistle side of the altar at the
beginning of the offertory, in order to leave room for the offerings,
according to an Ordinarium of Monte Casino of the year 1100. It has
for a long time been customary to remove it before the gospel, which
the priest recites turned towards the same direction as the deacon at
high mass. Mystical meanings were afterwards assigned for this removal
of the book.]

[Footnote 11: It is astonishing how Mr. Palmer could assert that "Leo
bishop of Rome in the fifth century appears to have been the only
bishop who preached in the Roman church for many Footnote: and it is
said that none of his successors until the time of Pius the fifth,
five hundred years afterwards, imitated his example". Orig. Liturg.
vol. II, p. 59. Bingham I. IV, c. §.3. Mr. Palmer forgot all the
homilies of Gregory the great, as well as the chronology of the Popes.
The latter might find in the multiplicity and importance of their
other occupations abundant motives for abstaining from preaching, a