of this request he cites the benefits derived from this school by
natives as well as Spaniards, and the ministrations to all classes
by the Jesuits in charge of it; and adduces the testimony of various
witnesses, secular and ecclesiastical, to the same effect. His request
is granted by the royal council. By a decree of December 31, 1604,
the Spanish government regulates the trade of the American colonies
with the Philippines. The substance of previous decrees is rehearsed,
and Felipe orders that the trade of the islands with Nueva España
be continued, although under some restrictions. The commander and
other officials are to be appointed by the governor and archbishop
at Manila, and chosen from citizens of the islands. The officials of
the ships may not engage in trade, and the salaries of the two highest
are fixed. Provision is made for more rigid inspection of vessels and
their cargoes, for equitable allotment of space, and for the safety
of the crews. Freight charges are to be moderated and regulated;
additional duties on goods are levied, and provision is made for
the care and expenditure of these, also for inspection of cargoes
and money shipped at Acapulco. No person may go to the Philippines
unless he shall give security for his permanent residence there.

In February, 1605, a formal complaint against the Chinese is made
before the authorities at Manila by Archbishop Benavides, supported
by the depositions of several witnesses. The Parián in that city,
destroyed in the insurrection of 1603, has been rebuilt, and is
again peopled by "infidel Sangleys." These Chinese are idolatrous,
and exceedingly licentious and vicious; and in both these respects
are demoralizing the Indian natives, and drawing them away from
the Catholic faith. The Chinese, moreover, are inclined to revenge
themselves on the Spaniards for the slaughter of their countrymen in
the insurrection of 1603, and thus are a constant source of danger. He