both the clergy and the laity: the 51st Injunction was in the following
terms:--

"Item, because there is great abuse in the printers of books, which for
covetousness chiefly regard not what they print, so they may have gain,
whereby ariseth the great disorder by publication of unfruitful, vain,
and infamous books and papers; the queen's majesty straitly chargeth
and commandeth, that no manner of person shall print any manner of book
or paper, of what sort, nature, or in what language soever it be,
except the same be first licensed by Her Majesty by express words in
writing, or by six of her privy council; or be perused and licensed by
the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, the Bishop of London, the
chancellors of both universities, the bishop being ordinary, and the
archdeacon also of the place, where any such shall be printed, or by
two of them, whereof the ordinary of the place to be always one. And
that the names of such, as shall allow the same, to be added in the end
of every such work, for a testimony of the allowance thereof. And
because many pamphlets, plays, and ballads be oftentimes printed,
wherein regard would be had that nothing therein should be either
heretical, seditious, or unseemly for Christian ears; Her Majesty
likewise commandeth that no manner of person shall enterprise to print
any such, except the same be to him licensed by such Her Majesty's
commissioners, or three of them, as be appointed in the city of London
to hear and determine divers clauses ecclesiastical, tending to the
execution of certain statutes made the last parliament for uniformity
of order in religion. And if any shall sell or utter any manner of
books or papers, being not licensed as is abovesaid, that the same
party shall be punished by order of the said commissioners, as to the
quality of the fault shall be thought meet. And touching all other
books of matters of religion, or policy, or governance, that have been