often the tankage provided is insufficient, and thousands of barrels
escape. Two or three years ago, at the height of the oil production of
the Bradford region, 8,000 barrels a day were thus running to waste.
But those halcyon days of Bradford have gone forever. Although
nineteen-twentieths of the wells sunk in this region "struck" oil and
flowed freely, most of them now flow sluggishly or have to be "pumped"
two or three times a week.

"Piping" and "casing," terms substantially identical, and meaning the
lining of the well with iron pipe several inches in the interior
diameter, complete the labor of boring. The well, if a good flowing
one, does all the rest of the work itself, forcing the fluid into the
local tanks, whence it is distributed into the tanks of the pipe-line
companies, and is carried from them to the refineries. The pipe lines
now reach from the oil regions to the seaboard, carrying the petroleum
over hill and valley, hundreds of miles to tide-water.

* * * * *




A CEMENT RESERVOIR.


The annexed figures represent, on a scale of 1 to 50, a plan and
vertical section of a reservoir of beton, 11 cubic meters in capacity,
designed for the storage of drinking water and for collecting the
overflow of a canal. The volume of beton employed in its construction
was 0.9 cubic meter per cubic meter of water to be stored. The inner