herself into believing that he meant "a new leaf." A budget was
worked out with her, and a promise given of an adequate income as
long as she kept her husband away. She has faithfully kept her side
of the bargain for over three years.

The extension in many states of "state aid to mothers" to cover
deserted wives is an indication of this changed view. In most states,
however, some safeguards are set up; the wife must take out a warrant,
and a given number of years must elapse during which the man shall not
have been heard from, before state aid can be granted to the wife.

Finally, it is more clearly recognized than formerly that the time to
"close the case" is not just after the man's return.

A case supervisor speaks of "the strong temptation to close our
records as soon as relief becomes unnecessary. The man's return to
the family is often the critical point at which there is need of
skilful and sympathetic friendship. These cases cry out for
continued treatment. We need to think more humanely about all the
unsettling elements in our urban civilization and to see that all
the nice individual adjustments that as case workers we can make are
made. If the man's work gives him no opportunity for
self-expression, what attempt are we making to give him such
opportunities outside his work, to connect him with a trade union,
with clubs and with fraternities? How much are we thinking about
cures for inebriates, psychoanalysis, vocational guidance,
recreation?"

Briefly, then, changes in the social worker's attitude toward treatment
have meant less emphasis on punitive and repressive measures, more