VARIOUS APPARATUS NECESSARY.

_Edulcorator or Washing Bottle._--Take a glass bottle of the capacity
of about twelve ounces, and close the mouth of it very tight with a
cork, through which a short glass tube is fitted airtight. The
external end of this tube is drawn out to a point, with a very fine
orifice. The bottle should be filled about half full of water. By
blowing air into the bottle through the tube, and then turning it
downwards, the compressed air will expel a fine stream of water
through the fine orifice with considerable force. We use this washing
bottle, Fig. 11, for the purpose of rinsing the small particles of
coal from the reduced metals.

[Illustration: Fig. 11.]

_Agate Mortar and Pestle._--This mortar is used for the purpose of
pulverizing hard substances, and for mixing fluxes. As this mortar
will not yield to abrasion, there is no danger of any foreign matter
becoming mixed with the substance pulverized in it. It should be
cleaned after use with pumice stone. Steel mortars are very useful for
the pulverization of hard bodies; but for all those substances which
require great care in their analysis, and which can be obtained in
very minute quantity, the agate mortar alone should be used.

A _hammer_ made of steel is necessary. This should have the edge
square.

A small _anvil_, polished on the surface, is also required. It is