instituted in honour of the late Sir George Birdwood, to whom I owe as
much for the deeper understanding which he gave me of old India as I do
to the late Mr. G.K. Gokhale for the clearer insight I gained from him
into the spirit of new India whilst we were colleagues from 1912 to 1915
on the Royal Commission on Indian Public Services.

VALENTINE CHIROL.

34 CARLYLE SQUARE, CHELSEA,
_August 24, 1921._




CONTENTS

PAGE
CHAPTER I
THE CLASH OF TWO CIVILISATIONS 1


CHAPTER II
THE ENDURING POWER OF HINDUISM 15



CHAPTER III
MAHOMEDAN DOMINATION 46