but it proved to be very little injured, and stands erect in its old
picturesque location.

In the vicinity of Telegraph Hill are Russian and Nob Hills, the latter
getting its peculiar title from the fact that the wealthy "nobs," or
mining magnates, of bonanza days built their homes on its summit level.
Farther to the east are Mount Olympus and Strawberry Hill, and beyond
these the Twin Peaks, which really embrace three hills, the third being
named Bernal Heights. Farther to the south and east is Rincan Hill, the
last in the half moon crescent of hills, within which is a spread of
flat ground extending to the bay. Behind the hills on the Pacific side
stretches a vast sweep of sand, at some places level, but often gathered
into great round dunes. Part of this has been transformed into the
beautiful Golden Gate Park, a splendid expanse of green verdure which
has long been one of San Francisco's chief attractions.

Beneath the whole of San Francisco is a rock formation, but everywhere
on top of this extends the sand, the gift of the winds. This is of such
a character that a hole dug in the street anywhere, even if only to the
depth of a few feet, must be shored up with planking or it will fill as
fast as it is excavated, the sand running as dry as the contents of
an hour glass. When there is an earthquake--or a "temblor," to use the
Spanish name--it is the rock foundation that is disturbed, not the sand,
which, indeed, serves to lessen the effect of the earth tremor.


THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE CITY.


Leaving the region of the hills and descending from their