revolving in the opposite direction. In one case each holder has a
spindle of its own, connected with the main spindle by gearing and, to
present opposite side, turns through 180°. The usual number of sides
and hence of comb holders is four, but eight have been used. There are
minor differences in details of construction, looking to the most
convenient removal and insertion of comb, the reception of the
extracted honey in cups, buckets, etc., and the best method of giving
rapid rotation, which cannot be touched upon. The product of the
operation is white and opaque, but upon heating regains its golden
color and transparency.

STARCH.--A centrifugal to separate starch from triturated grain,
carried in suspension in water, is as follows. (Pat. 273,127--Müller &
Decastro.) The starch water is led to the bottom of a basket, and, as
starch is heavier than the gluten with which it is mixed, the former
will be immediately compacted against the periphery of the basket,
lodging first in the lower corner, the starch and gluten forming two
distinct strata. A tube with a cutting edge enters the compacted mass
so deeply as to peel off the gluten and part of the starch, which is
carried through the tube to another compartment of the basket, just
above, where the same operation is performed, and so on. There may be
only one compartment, the tube carrying the gluten directly out of the
machine. These machines are continuous working, and hence some way must
be devised to carry the water off. The inner surface of the water is,
as we have seen, a cylinder. When the diameter of this cylinder becomes
too small, overflow must be allowed. One plan is to have an overflow
opening made in the bottom of the basket in such a way that as the
starch wall thickens, the opening recedes toward the center. The starch
wall is either lifted out in cakes or put again in suspension by
spraying water on it and conducting the mixture off.