rock-faced masonry. The footing courses are stepped out liberally, so
as to present an unusually large bottom surface. They rest on beds of
concrete 4 feet thick. The foundation pits are about 50 feet below the
top of the bluffs, and are in a material common to the Cleveland
plateau, a mixture of blue sand and clay, with some water. The
estimated load of masonry on the earth at the bottom of the concrete
is one and seven tenths tons to the square foot. Two of the large
abutments were completed last season. They show an average settlement
of three eighths of an inch since the lower footing courses were laid.

The facts and figures here given regarding the viaduct were kindly
furnished by the city civil engineer, C.G. Force, who has the work in
charge.--_Jour. Asso. of Eng. Societies._

* * * * *


For sticking paper to zinc, use starch paste with which a little
Venice turpentine has been incorporated, or else use a dilute solution
of white gelatine or isinglass.

* * * * *




CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AT MARE ISLAND NAVY YARD, CALIFORNIA.[1]

[Footnote 1: Built by the Southwark Foundry and Machine Company,
of Philadelphia.]