definition of diatonic and chromatic scales.


II

SPANISH LYRIC POETRY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY


Early in the nineteenth century the armies of Napoleon
invaded Spain. There ensued a fierce struggle for the
mastery of the Peninsula, in which the latent strength and
energy of the Spaniards became once more evident. The page xxxii
French devastated parts of the country, but they
brought with them many new ideas which, together with the
sharpness of the conflict, served to awaken the Spanish
people from their torpor and to give them a new
realization of national consciousness. During this period
of stress and strife two poets, Quintana and Gallego,
urged on and encouraged their fellow countrymen with
patriotic songs.

Manuel José QUINTANA (1772-1857) had preëminently the
"gift of martial music," and great was the influence
of his odes _Al armamento de las provincias contra los
franceses_ and _Á España después de la revolución de
marzo_. He also strengthened the patriotism of his people
by his prose _Vidas de españoles célebres_ (begun in
1806): the Cid, the Great Captain (Gonzalo de Córdoba),
Pizarro and others of their kind. In part a follower
of the French philosophers of the eighteenth century,