them, emigration was like the hazard of the gaming-table; ruin was a
possible consequence, but fortune might also crown the most
extravagant hopes. The merchant regarded with favor a scheme which
would furnish employment for his ships by the transportation of men
and stores. Besides, the fisheries had always been productive; they
might be largely extended, and a trade in furs and other products of
the country opened with the Indians. Perhaps the precious metals,
found in such quantities by the Spaniards at the South, might enrich
the North. Happily they found not that pernicious bane which is alike
the corrupter of private morals and the debaucher of nations. To these
considerations may be added a willingness at least on the part of the
government, to rid itself of idle profligates and unruly spirits.
Guided by this chart, it is not difficult to understand why efforts
similar to those which had proved abortive, should now be successful.

The character of the first emigrants to the Virginia colony, and the
products of the country sent home, confirm these views. They are
described as "many gentlemen, a few laborers, several refiners,
goldsmiths, and jewellers," and the returning ships were freighted
with cedar and with a glittering earth, which was mistaken for gold.
Another party is spoken of by a chronicler of the times, as "many
unruly gallants sent hither by their friends to escape ill destinies."
Doubtless among those denominated gentlemen and gallants were some
noble souls, like, though _longo intervallo_, to the heroic
Smith.

While the Virginia colony was slowly struggling against adverse
circumstances, and attracting to herself the cavaliers who, in various
capacities and with different fortunes, had figured in those troubled
times, important changes were going on at home destined to exert a