pupae. This occurs in the early part of August. After remaining in
the pupa stage about a week, they change into beetles again, which
either begin feeding or go to winter quarters.

Remedies: There are three ways of combating this insect: First, by
_spraying the foliage_ with arsenate of lead in the latter part of
May while the beetles are feeding, and repeating the spraying in
June when the larvae emerge. The spraying method is the one most to
be relied on in fighting this insect. A second, though less
important remedy, consists in _destroying the pupae_ when they
gather in large quantities at the base of the tree. This may be
accomplished by gathering them bodily and destroying them, or by
pouring hot water or a solution of kerosene over them. In large
trees it may be necessary to climb to the crotches of the main limbs
to get some of them. The third remedy lies in gathering and
_destroying the adult beetles_ when found in their winter quarters.
The application of bands of burlap or "tanglefoot," or of other
substances often seen on the trunks of elm trees is useless, since
these bands only prevent the larvae from crawling down from the
leaves to the base and serve to prevent nothing from crawling up.
Scraping the trunks of elm trees is also a waste of effort.

[Illustration: FIG. 100.--The Elm Leaf Beetle. (After Dr. E.P. Felt.)

1. Egg cluster, enlarged. 1a. Single egg, greatly enlarged. 2. Young
larva, enlarged. 3. Full grown larva, much enlarged. 4. Pupa, enlarged.
5. Overwintered beetle, enlarged. 6. Fresh, brightly colored beetle,
enlarged. 7. Under surface of leaf showing larvae feeding. 8. Leaf eaten
by larvae. 9. Leaf showing holes eaten by beetles.]