[Illustration: FIG. 7.--The Norway Spruce.]

How to tell them from each other: The needles and branches of the spruce
are _coarse_; those of the hemlock are _flat and graceful_. The
individual leaves of the spruce, Fig. 9, are four-sided and green or
blue on the under side, while those of the hemlock, Fig. 10, are
flat and are _marked by two white lines_ on the under side.


THE NORWAY SPRUCE (_Picea excelsa_)

Distinguishing characters: The characteristic appearance of the
full-grown tree is due to the *drooping branchlets* carried on *main
branches which bend upward* (Fig. 7).

Leaf: The leaves are dark green in color and are _arranged spirally_,
thus making the twigs coarser to the touch than the twigs of the
hemlock or fir. In cross-section, the individual leaflet is
quadrilateral, while that of the pine is triangular.

Form and size: A large tree with a straight, undivided trunk and a
well-shaped, conical crown (Fig. 7).

Range: Northern Europe, Asia, northern North America.

Soil and location: Grows in cool, moist situations.

Enemies: The foliage of the spruce is sometimes affected by _red
spider_, but is apt to be more seriously injured by drought, wind,