distance above ground. Its general contour, together with the
numerous branches that interlace its massive crown, give the elm an
interesting and stately appearance which is unequaled by any other
tree.

[Illustration: FIG. 39.--Lombardy Poplar.]

Range: Eastern North America.

Soil and location: The elm prefers a deep, rich and moist soil, but will
adapt itself even to the poor soil of the city street.

Enemies: _The leopard moth_, a wood-boring insect, and the _elm leaf
beetle_, a leaf-eating insect, are the two most important enemies of
the tree. Their ravages are very extensive.

Value for planting: The tree has a character of its own which cannot be
duplicated for avenue or lawn planting.

Commercial value: The wood is strong and tough and therefore has a
special value for cooperage, agricultural implements, carriages, and
shipbuilding.

Other characters: The _buds_ are small, brown, and smooth, while those
of the European elms are covered with down. The _small side twigs_
come out at almost right angles to the larger terminal twigs, which
is not the case in other species of elm.

[Illustration: FIG. 40.--Leaf of Carolina Poplar.]