not fastidious in its light requirements. Its chief value is for
screening and for underplanting in woodlands.

The _red mulberry_ (_Morus rubra_) is apt to be confused with the white
mulberry, but differs in the following characters: The leaves of the red
mulberry are rough on the upper side and downy on the under side,
whereas the leaves of the white mulberry are smooth and shiny. The buds
in the red are larger and more shiny than those of the white.

The _Osage orange_ (_Toxylon pomiferum_) is similar to the mulberry in
the light, golden color of its bark, but differs from it in possessing
conspicuous spines along the twigs and branches and a more ridged bark.




CHAPTER IV


THE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS OF TREES

To be able fully to appreciate trees, their mode of life,
their enemies and their care, one must know something of
their structure and life requirements.

Structure of trees: Among the lower forms of plants there is very little
distinction between the various parts--no differentiation into root,
stem, or crown. Often the lower forms of animal and vegetable life
are so similar that one cannot discriminate between them. But as we
ascend in the scale, the various plant forms become more and more