justifications; and the value of his attitude should be felt in the
impetus which it gives to conscientious modern work. There are periods
in history at which certain arts, crafts, or industries reached an
extremely high level of excellence; and nothing can be more valuable to
modern workmen than familiarity with these periods. Well-made replicas
have a value that is overlooked only by the inartistic. Nor must it be
forgotten that modern objects of modern design will one day become
antiquities; and it should be our desire to assist in the making of the
period of our lifetime an age to which future generations will look back
for guidance and teaching. Every man can, in this manner, be of use to a
nation, if only by learning to reject poor work wherever he comes upon
it--work which he feels would not stand against the criticism of Time;
and thus it may be said that archæology, which directs him to the best
works of the ancients, and sets him a standard and criterion, should be
an essential part of his education.


[Illustration: PL. II Wood and enamel jewel-case discovered in the tomb
of Yuaa and Tuau. An example of the furniture of
one of the best periods of ancient Egyptian art.
--CAIRO MUSEUM.]

[_Photo by E. Brugsch Pasha._


The third argument which I wish to employ here to demonstrate the value
of the study of archæology and history to the layman is based upon the
assumption that patriotism is a desirable ingredient in a man's
character. This is a premise which assuredly will be admitted. True
patriotism is essential to the maintenance of a nation. It has taken the