their handiwork.


THE CARPENTER

Scores of tools used by the men who helped build the Jamestown houses
have been unearthed, including chisels, augers, gouges, hammers,
reamers, saw fragments, bits, axes and hatchets, plane blades, gimlets,
files, calipers, compasses, scribers, nail pulls, and a saw wrest. A
grindstone was found in a refuse pit not far from the historic church
tower.


THE COOPER

Some tools used by the cooper, including draw shaves, adzes, plane
irons, and race knives, have been excavated. Several barrel
staves--probably made at Jamestown--were found in a few wells. Because
of the great demand for barrels, casks, and hogsheads (both in Virginia
and England) the Jamestown cooper was a busy artisan. His products were
needed at all times, especially after 1620 when the Virginia settlers
began shipping large quantities of tobacco to England in wooden
hogsheads.

[Illustration: TIMBERING--ONE OF THE FIRST ENGLISH INDUSTRIES IN THE NEW
WORLD. (Painting by Sidney E. King.)]

[Illustration: AN EARLY 17TH-CENTURY, TWO-MAN, CROSSCUT SAW.]