_The Opposition._--A player is said to have the opposition when he can
place his King directly in front of the adverse King, with only one
square between them. This is often an important advantage in ending
games.

_Party._--From the French _partie_. Frequently used by modern writers
instead of the word "game."

_Passed Pawn._---A Pawn is said to be a _passed_ one when the adversary
has no Pawn to obstruct its march on the same file, or on either of the
next files to the right or left.

_Pion Coiffé, or Marked Pawn._--This is a description of odds but rarely
given, and only when there is a vast disparity between the skill of the
players. It consists in one party placing a _cap_ or ring on one of his
Pawns, and undertaking to checkmate his opponent with that particular
Pawn. He is not allowed to _Queen_ the Pawn, and if he loses it, or
happens to checkmate his opponent with any other man, he forfeits the
game. The Pawn usually _capped_ is the King's Knight's, because it can
be more readily and effectually surrounded by protecting Pieces.

_To Queen a Pawn, or to advance a Pawn to Queen._--When a player has
contrived to advance a Pawn to the eighth or last square of the file, it
assumes the rank and power of a Queen, or of any other Piece he chooses,
and he is then said to have _queened_ his Pawn. (See the 21st law.)

_Scholar's Mate._--A checkmate occasionally given at the opening of a
game by a practised player to one but little tutored in the science. The
following are the moves:--