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The Water Supply of the El Paso and Southwestern Railway from Carrizozo to Santa Rosa, N. Mex. - American Society of Civil Engineers: Transactions, No. 1170 by J. L. Campbell
page 37 of 38 (97%)
in winter. If the band were wound spirally, the coating would have to be
done in the shop, but field coating is preferable, as it avoids injury
to the coating during transportation.

An advantage of wood pipe for conveying water is its low coefficient of
friction. The results obtained by the author (_n_ = 0.00866 to 0.0092)
appear to be very low as compared with determinations made for
wood-stave pipe. Kutter's coefficient for the latter varies from 0.0096
in the case of the 30-in. pipe at Denver,[B] to from 0.012 to 0.015 as
determined by Messrs. Marx, Wing, and Hoskins for the 72-in. pipe of the
Pioneer Power Plant of Ogden.[C] Probably 0.011 would be a fairly safe
figure to use in designing new work.


[Illustration: FIG. 3. DETAILS OF OLD WOOD PIPE.]


J.L. CAMPBELL, M. AM. SOC. C.E. (by letter).--Referring to Mr. Smith's
question about the velocity measurements by bran, the first appearance
of the bran and the colors was taken because the intervals of time given
thereby were in close accord among themselves and with the weir
measurements. The time from the first trace of bran or color until final
disappearance varied between 15 and 20 min. Bran in abundance or
pronounced color showed in 2 min. after the first appearance, while the
disappearance or fading was noticeable after a period of from 7 to 10
min. It required 2-1/2 min. to get the bran or colors into the intake at
the head of the line and leave the water clear.


[Footnote B: _Transactions_, Am. Soc. C.E., Vol. XXXVI, p. 26.]
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