this phrase (Spanish, _Islas del Poniente_) arose among Spanish
traders--partly because, to reach the Philippines, they followed
the course of the sun westward from Spain; and partly to sustain the
contention that those islands were "in the demarcation of Castilla,
or the Western Indias, and not in that of Portugal, or Oriental India."

[39] The Inquisition was first introduced into Portuguese India in
1560; and into Spanish America in 1569 (at Panama). In 1570 it was
established in Mexico, of which the Philippines were a dependency in
religious as well as civil affairs. Felipe II's decree (January 25,
1569) establishing the Inquisition in the Indias, with other decrees
regulating the operations and privileges of that tribunal, may be found
in _Recopilación leyes Indias_ (ed. 1841), lib. i, tit. xix. Regarding
the history and methods of the Inquisition, the following works
are most full and authoritative: _Practica Inquisitionis hereticoe
pravitatis_ (ed. of C. Douais, Paris, 1886), by Bernard Gui--himself
an inquisitor; it was composed about 1321. _Historia Inquisitionis_
(Amstelodami, 1692), by Philippus van Limborch; English translations
of this book were published at London in 1731, 1734, 1816, and
1825. _Anales de la Inquisicion de España_ (Madrid, 1812-13), by
Juan A. Llorente, who was secretary to the Inquisition in Spain, and
chancellor of the University of Toledo; translations of this book
were published in English (London, 1826; and New York, 1838), and
in other languages. _Historica critica de la Inquisicion de España_
(Madrid, 1822), also by Llorente. _History of the Inquisition_
(London and N.Y., 1874), by W.H. Rule. _The Jews of Spain and
Portugal, and the Inquisition_ (London, 1877), by Frederic D. Mocatta,
a Jew. _History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages_ (N.Y., 1886),
by Henry C. Lea. _Les sources de l'histoire de l'Inquisition dans le
midi de la France au treizième et au quatorzième siécle_, by C. Douais,