remembered him with trust and affection; and seventy years elapsed
before Pennsylvania tasted the horrors of Indian warfare.

The growth of the new city was phenomenal. Settlers came so fast that
cabins could not be built for them, and many of them lived for a time in
caves along the river. The remainder of Penn's life was spent for the
most part in England, where his interests demanded his presence, but he
built a handsome residence in the city which he had founded and lived
there at intervals until his death.

No consideration, however brief, of his life and work can be complete
without some reference to the remarkable effect the establishment of his
colony had on emigration to America. Pennsylvania gave a refuge and home
to the most intelligent and progressive peoples of Europe, chafing under
the religious restrictions which, at home, they could not escape. The
Mennonites, the Dunkers, and the Palatines were among these, but by far
the most important were the so-called Scotch-Irish--Scotchmen who, a
century before, had been sent to Ireland by the English government, in
the hope of establishing there a Protestant population which would, in
time, come to outnumber and control the native Irish. The Scotch were
Presbyterians, of course, and finding the Irish environment distasteful,
began, about 1720, to come to America in such numbers that, fifty years
later, they formed a sixth part of our entire population. Nearly all of
them settled in Western Pennsylvania, from which a steady stream flowed
ever southward and westward, furnishing the hardy pioneers of Kentucky
and Tennessee, and forming the main strength of American democracy. We
shall see, in the chapters which follow, how many of the men eminent in
the country's history, traced their descent from this stock.

* * * * *