on the north of the town; in time houses grew up along this wall, and
the street which they formed was called Wall Street.

The Wall Street of to-day, where so many fortunes are made and lost,
stands on the site of the old wall built by Peter Stuyvesant to protect
the city.

The first windmill was built in 1662.

In 1664 Charles II. of England, jealous of the productiveness of this
Dutch colony, determined to secure it.

In 1621 James I. had claimed it by right of first occupancy.

In 1632 Charles I. reasserted this claim; and in 1654 Cromwell ordered
an expedition for the conquest of the New Netherlands.

The treaty with Holland stopped these proceedings, and the colony was
left in peace until 1664, when Charles II. granted the entire territory
to his brother, the Duke of York.

In August of that year an expedition arrived to capture the city, which
surrendered to the English fleet without resistance. The name of the
city was then changed to New York, in honor of its ducal owner.

In 1673 the Dutch recaptured the city, and christened it New Orange. The
following year, by a treaty of peace with Holland, it was restored to
the English and again called New York.

In 1702 Wall Street was paved, and in 1711 a regular slave market was