A metallic chloride, treated with oil of vitriol, disengages
chlorohydric acid. Heated with a mixture of peroxide of manganese
and sulphuric acid, chlorine is given off, which is easily recognized
by its odor and other physical properties.

The chlorides dissolve in water; give with nitrate of silver,
a white precipitate, even in highly diluted solutions, becoming violet
colored and finally black when exposed to the light. The rapidity
of the change of color is proportioned to the intensity of the light.
It is insoluble in nitric acid, but readily soluble in ammonia;
it fuses without decomposition, forming, when cold, a tough, horny mass,
and is reduced by hydrogen and by fusion with carbonate of soda,
or with resin.

Chloride of Bromine. (See page 74.)

Chloride of Iodine. (See page 85.)

Chloride of potassium.--or (Muriate of Potassa).--Dissolve half an ounce
of carbonate of potassa in water, and neutralize with muriatic acid.
Upon concentrating the solutions, cubic crystals will be obtained, having a
taste similar to common salt. They consist of potassium and chloride,
and when dissolved in water they may be regarded as muriate of potassa.

Chloride of Lime.--Mix half an ounce of slacked lime (hydrate of lime)
with six ounces of water, and conduct into this milk of lime,
with frequent agitation, as much chlorine gas as will evolve from two
ounces of muriatic acid and half an ounce of black oxide of manganese.
The liquid clarifies by standing; may be regarded as a solution
of chloride of lime, and must be protected from the air and light.