[34] The Rev. Dr. James H. Snowden.

``We must be here to work,
And men who work can only work for men,
And not to work in vain must comprehend
Humanity, and so work humanly,
And raise men's bodies still by raising souls.''



XI

THE BUILDING OF RAILWAYS[35]


[35] Part of this chapter appeared as an article in the American Monthly
Review of Reviews, February, 1904.

THE extension of trade has naturally been accompanied
not only by the increase of foreign steamship
lines to the numerous port cities of China, but by the
development of almost innumerable coastwise and river vessels.
Many of these are owned and operated by the Chinese themselves,
but as steamers came with the foreigners and as they
drive out the native junks and bring beggary to their owners,
the masses of the Chinese cannot be expected to feel kindly
towards such competition, however desirable the steamer may
appear to be from the view-point of a more disinterested
observer. But this interference with native customs has been far
less revolutionary than that of the railways.