will only bear in mind the simple general rules for understanding the
"how" of them which I have given you here.

But you do not seem satisfied yet? What is it that you want to know?

Oh! There was an earthquake here in England the other night, while you
were asleep; and that seems to you too near to be pleasant. Will there
ever be earthquakes in England which will throw houses down, and bury
people in the ruins?

My dear child, I think you may set your heart at rest upon that point. As
far as the history of England goes back, and that is more than a thousand
years, there is no account of any earthquake which has done any serious
damage, or killed, I believe, a single human being. The little
earthquakes which are sometimes felt in England run generally up one line
of country, from Devonshire through Wales, and up the Severn valley into
Cheshire and Lancashire, and the south-west of Scotland; and they are
felt more smartly there, I believe, because the rocks are harder there
than here, and more tossed about by earthquakes which happened ages and
ages ago, long before man lived on the earth. I will show you the work
of these earthquakes some day, in the tilting and twisting of the layers
of rock, and in the cracks (faults, as they are called) which run through
them in different directions. I showed you some once, if you recollect,
in the chalk cliff at Ramsgate--two set of cracks, sloping opposite ways,
which I told you were made by two separate sets of earthquakes, long,
long ago, perhaps while the chalk was still at the bottom of a deep sea.
But even in the rocky parts of England the earthquake-force seems to have
all but died out. Perhaps the crust of the earth has become too thick
and solid there to be much shaken by the gases and steam below. In this
eastern part of England, meanwhile, there is but little chance that an