its western horn, to Quaker Springs, its eastern extremity. The entire
valley abounds in mineral fountains of more or less merit, and in the
central portion bubble up the Waters of Healing, which have given to
SARATOGA its world-wide celebrity.

Professor CHANDLER, of the Columbia School of Mines, thus
describes the




Geology of the County.


"Beginning with the uppermost, the rocks of Saratoga county
are:

1. The Hudson river and Utica shales and slates.

2. The Trenton limestone.

3. The calciferous sand rock, which is a silicious limestone.

4. The Potsdam sand stone; and

5. The Laurentian formation of gneiss and granite, of unknown
thickness.

"The northern half of the county is occupied by the elevated
ranges of Laurentian rocks; flanking these occur the Potsdam,