=The Races.=--The principal races are:

1.--The White race, which inhabits Europe, the north of Africa,
and western Asia.

2.--The Yellow race in eastern Asia to which belong the Chinese,
the Mongols, Turks, and Hungarians, who invaded Europe as
conquerors. They have yellow skin, small regular eyes, prominent
cheek-bones, and thin beard.

3.--The Black race, in central Africa. These are the Negroes, of
black skin, flat nose, woolly hair.

4.--The Red race, in America. These are the Indians, with
copper-colored skin and flat heads.

=Civilized Peoples.=--Almost all civilized peoples belong to the white
race. The peoples of the other races have remained savage or
barbarian, like the men of prehistoric times.[4]

It is within the limits of Asia and Africa that the first civilized
peoples had their development--the Egyptians in the Nile valley, the
Chaldeans in the plain of the Euphrates. They were peoples of
sedentary and peaceful pursuits. Their skin was dark, the hair short
and thick, the lips strong. Nobody knows their origin with exactness
and scholars are not agreed on the name to give them (some terming
them Cushites, others Hamites). Later, between the twentieth and
twenty-fifth centuries B.C. came bands of martial shepherds who had
spread over all Europe and the west of Asia--the Aryans and the
Semites.